Even Simple Metrics Such as Percent Time in Normal Reveal Issues that Negatively Affect Performance and Signal the Need for Controller Tuning
It’s easy to get tripped up if a shoelace is untied. Just ask any child. While that’s a lesson most learn early in their lives each of us can occasionally slip up and find ourselves at risk. A helpful remark from a family member, a colleague, or even a stranger is all we need to remedy the situation. It’s awareness that allows us to make the correction and carry on without incident. The same applies to process manufacturing. As complex as most production environments can be it’s the benefit of awareness that allows staff to make the necessary corrections.
Percent Time in Normal tracks the relative amount of time that a PID controller spends in its designated or ‘normal’ mode of operation. Pretty simple, right? What’s most interesting is how much it reveals about a production facility’s day-to-day operations. More often than not PID control loops are operated in a ‘non-normal’ mode due to ineffective control which frequently stems from poor tuning. Consider the following:
- Product Changes
Different products often involve different process dynamics. Unless a PID’s Gain is designed to accommodate the dynamics of the new product, the process can struggle to effectively maintain control. Increases in variability and corresponding decreases in stability routinely result in a shift from automatic to manual operation. A simple adjustment of tuning parameters can provide the necessary correction.
- Mechanical Adjustments
Repacking a valve or other final control element (FCE) almost always impacts the associated loop’s performance as it can induce Stiction or other bad behavior. If replaced with a different sized FCE, then even more profound deviations in performance can ensue. Again, an increase in volatility often drives staff to shift the loop to a more manageable mode (e.g. Manual). While tuning can’t correct for Stiction, it can improve control of an under- or over-sized FCE.
- Process Interaction
A loop that exhibits increased variability isn’t always the culprit. Quite often the erratic behavior is a symptom of something else in the production environment that’s changed, and adjusting the mode is one way of taking matters into your own hands. Most loops are highly interactive and they respond to changes in upstream processes so it’s key to isolate the root-cause of that uptick in variability. Addressing the root-cause and/or tuning the controller for disturbance rejection are both options to consider.
While monitoring Percent Time in Normal can help process manufacturers to avoid obvious issues, this and other key performance indices are not tracked by the DCS. Technologies like Control Loop Performance Monitoring (CLPM) focus specifically on the health of a given facility’s regulatory control, enabling them to understand performance from a different – and equally important – perspective.
